Who or what is being studied?
POPULATION
All units of analysis (people, institutions, groups, etc.) in which the researcher is interested.
SAMPLE
A subset of people (or institutions, groups, etc.) selected from a population.
N refers to population size
n refers to sample size
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
Procedures that help us organize and describe data collected from a sample or population.
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS
Making underlying predictions or inferences about a population using observations and analyses from a sample.
Which of the following is an example of descriptive statistics?
VARIABLES
Any factor, trait, or condition that can exist in differing amounts or types.
Nominal
A variable made up of categories that cannot be ordered
Ordinal
A variable made up of ranked categories, with no systematic or measurable numeric difference between the categories.
Interval-ratio (aka continuous)
A variable with categories that are ordered and expressed in the same units.
Dichotomous (aka binary)
A variable with only two categories.
Which of the following is an example of a nominal level of measurement?
Which level of measurement is used when ranking neighborhoods by crime rate (e.g., low, medium, high)?